Engagement et spiritualité au travail : le cas de Sodexo Tunisie

Enterprises face difficult conditions related to the pace of the observed changes at the beginning of XXIst century and are struggling to raise employee commitment. The purpose of this research was to invest new managerial thoughts by questioning the contribution of spirituality at work to the affective commitment of employees. To verify the existence of this link, a case study “Sodexo Tunisia” was conducted through semi-structured interviews. These interviews have been twice analyzed, statistically using the Alceste software and qualitatively through a thematic content analysis. It was concluded, on one side, that basic forms of the affective commitment of employees, namely their emotional attachment, their desire to stay and make special efforts, are favored by the spiritual dimension “spirit of survival” related to the presence and the “shared values” of the enterprise. On the other side, correlated forms of affective commitment interpreted as “psychological identification to the job” and "psychological identification to the group” are associated with the spiritual dimensions “self-government” and “inner life” for the former, and “esprit de corps” for the latter. In a managerial perspective, these spiritual dimensions favor the recognition of individuals (stimulus to potential and intellectual capital), the development of “esprit de corps” (glue of lasting commitment) and help maintain the “spirit of survival” of the enterprise (basis of the emotional attachment of employees). This “mind-state” provides an enterprise model with a resilience capacity, due to the consistency between the parts and the whole.Les entreprises affrontent des conditions difficiles liées au rythme des changements observés en ce début de XXIème siècle et ont du mal à susciter l’engagement des salariés. L’objet de cette recherche a été d’investir de nouvelles réflexions managériales en s’interrogeant sur la contribution de la spiritualité au travail à l’engagement affectif des salariés. Pour vérifier l’existence de ce lien, une étude du cas « Sodexo Tunisie » a été réalisée à travers des entretiens semi-directifs. Ces entretiens ont fait l’objet d’un double traitement, statistique, à l’aide du logiciel Alceste, puis qualitatif par le biais d’une analyse de contenu thématique. Il a été conclu, d’un côté, que les formes de base de l’engagement affectif des salariés, à savoir leur attachement émotionnel, leur désir de rester et de réaliser des efforts particuliers, sont favorisées par la dimension spirituelle « esprit de survie » reliée à la présence et le « partage de valeurs communes » de l’entreprise. De l’autre côté, les formes corrélées d’engagement affectif interprétées par «l’identification psychologique au travail » et «l’identification psychologique au groupe » sont associées aux dimensions spirituelles « gouvernement de soi » et « vie intérieure » pour la première, et « esprit de corps » pour la deuxième. Exploitées dans une optique managériale, ces dimensions spirituelles favorisent la reconnaissance des individualités (révélateur de potentiel et de capital intellectuel), le développement de l’esprit de corps (ciment de l’engagement durable) et permettent d’entretenir l’esprit de survie de l’entreprise (fondement de l’attachement émotionnel des salariés). Cet « état d’esprit » constitue un modèle d’entreprise ayant la capacité de résilience et ce, grâce à la cohérence entre les parties et le tout

Development and validation of different spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods for determination of clotrimazole and hydrocortisone in a topical cream

In this study, we developed and validated different spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods for determination of clotrimazole (CLO) and hydrocortisone (HDC) in their combined dosage form. The developed spectrophotometric methods were first derivative spectrophotometry (1D) by measuring the peak amplitude at 247.4 and 236.2 nm for CLO and HDC, respectively, second derivative of ratio spectra (2DD) at 225.4 nm for CLO and 269 nm for HDC, dual wavelength spectrophotometry (DW) by measuring absorbance difference between 225.4 and 264 nm for CLO and between 228 and 247 nm for HDC determination, advanced absorbance subtraction method (AAS) between 225.4 and 264 nm and mean centering of ratio spectra (MCR) spectrophotometric method in the range of 232-265 nm. On the other hand, the proposed chromatographic method was Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography method (UPLC) using acetonitrile:water (50:50, v:v) as a mobile phase and the peaks were detected at 228 nm. All these methods were successfully applied to determine the two studied drugs in pure forms; laboratory prepared mixtures and combined dosage form. Methods validations were carried out regarding linearity, accuracy, precision and selectivity. The spectrophotometric methods exhibited a linear dynamic range over 5-40 and 5-45 µg/mL for CLO and HDC, respectively, and over 3-35 and 5-50 µg/mL for UPLC method. Sensitive and selective spectrophotometric and UPLC methods for the determination of clotrimazole and hydrocortisone in their topical formulation were successfully developed and validated. The developed methods were statistically confirmed to be accurate, precise and reproducible

Contribution du systeme educatif a la croissance economique en Algerie

Les recherches sur le lien entre l’éducation et la croissance économique se heurtent à de multiples difficultés méthodologiques et les résultats obtenus sont souvent difficilement interprétables. Cependant, la plupart des études empiriques semblent s'accorder sur un effet positif de l’éducation sur la croissance économique.Cet article traite de la contribution du système éducatif algérien à la croissance économique à travers l’utilisation d’une approche multivariée. Il en ressort de cette étude que l’enseignement primaire et universitaire en Algérie sont non seulement une source d’accumulation du capital humain mais également un facteur de la croissance économique. Il est donc important que ces niveaux d’enseignement soient prioritaires dans la politique d’enseignement.Mots clés: Système éducatif, Capital humain, Croissance économique, VA

Spatiotemporal Mapping and Monitoring of Mangrove Forests Changes From 1990 to 2019 in the Northern Emirates, UAE Using Random Forest, Kernel Logistic Regression and Naive Bayes Tree Models

© Copyright © 2020 Elmahdy, Ali, Mohamed, Howari, Abouleish and Simonet. Mangrove forests are acting as a green lung for the coastal cities of the United Arab Emirates, providing a habitat for wildlife, storing blue carbon in sediment and protecting shoreline. Thus, the first step toward conservation and a better understanding of the ecological setting of mangroves is mapping and monitoring mangrove extent over multiple spatial scales. This study aims to develop a novel low-cost remote sensing approach for spatiotemporal mapping and monitoring mangrove forest extent in the northern part of the United Arab Emirates. The approach was developed based on random forest (RF), Kernel logistic regression (KLR), and Naive Bayes Tree machine learning algorithms which use multitemporal Landsat images. Our results of accuracy metrics include accuracy, precision, and recall, F1 score revealed that RF outperformed the KLR and NB with an F1 score of more than 0.90. Each pair of produced mangrove maps (1990–2000, 2000–2010, 2010–2019, and 1990–2019) was used to image difference algorithm to monitor mangrove extent by applying a threshold ranges from +1 to −1. Our results are of great importance to the ecological and research community. The new maps presented in this study will be a good reference and a useful source for the coastal management organization

C–O isotope geochemistry of the Florida phosphate of Four Corners and Hardee County mines, USA: Implication for genesis and diagenesis

© 2017 Elsevier B.V. The study area located in Florida, USA and emphasized on low-grade phosphorites in Hardee County (HC) and Four Corners (FC) mining areas. The main purpose of this study is to apply a standard geochemical technique to understand the diagenetic history and paleo-environmental aspects of phosphates within one of the major phosphate deposits in the USA. The effect of diagenesis on the phosphate minerals was studied by isotope analysis of the phosphate bone fragments and phosphatized mudclasts and rods. The environmental conditions that prevailed during the life of organisms were assessed by isotope analysis of the shark teeth. In this paper, variation in stable isotope (δ18O and δ13C) signatures of structural carbonate in rocks and shark teeth were studied in Florida phosphate. The studied samples show negative values for both δ13C and δ18O isotopes of structural carbonate. The light mudclast samples shows higher oxygen ratios (− 1.6) than the dark mudclasts (− 2.3) in Hardee County, whereas those values were lower, − 2.3 and − 3, respectively, in Four Corners samples. The shark teeth found in the deposits show narrow variations in values of δ13C (− 3.4 to − 4.9%o) and δ18O (− 1.4 to 2.1%o) isotope. The bone fragments in the deposits are more similar to the light mudclasts regarding the isotope ratios and carbonate content. The alteration is evident in the Florida phosphorites where δ18O values of bulk teeth are higher than those of bones and mudclast. This alteration could be because of increasing crystallinity and decreasing carbonate content with increasing depth of burial